Science and technology is a growing and flourishing field in Pakistan. Since its independence from Great Britain in 1947, the newly-found nation of Pakistan has seen a large influx of scientists, engineers, doctors, and technicians assuming an active role in Pakistan's fields of science and technology. Pakistan has been known internationally for some of its major achievements in science and technology such as its possession of strong weapons in the military, growing base of doctors and engineers, and also a fair amount of its new influx of software engineers, which is however as not as much as counterpart India. Pakistan has achieved goals in Nuclear science,Space Science, Aerospace industries, biological industries, Communication technology and many other science. Pakistan is also the home country of many prominent scientists such as Dr. Abdus Salam who won a Nobel Prize in Physics.
However, according to leading Pakistani physicist Pervez Hoodbhoy, scientific output in Pakistan is significantly lower than many other developing countries[1] Hoodbhoy cites that Pakistan has produces far fewer papers than neighboring India[2]. In terms of the number of published scientific research papers, together with the citations to them, Hoddbhoy demonstrates that the output of Pakistan for physics papers, over the period from 1 January 1997 to 28 February 2007, together with the total number of publications in all scientific fields, is substantially lower than Brazil, India, China, and the United States[3][4]. Hoodbhoy attributes this dearth to militant Islam in Pakistan and the promotion of pseudoscience by Muslim fundamentalists in Pakistani schools and universities.[5]
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